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Incheierea conventiei matrimoniale

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Incheierea conventiei matrimoniale

Incheierea conventiei matrimoniale
noiembrie 17
09:33 2015

Potrivit art. 329 NCC, alegerea unui alt regim matrimonial decat cel al comunitatii legale se face prin incheierea unei conventii matrimoniale.

In continuare, art. 330 stipuleaza ca: (1) Sub sanctiunea nulitatii absolute, conventia matrimoniala se incheie prin inscris autentificat de notarul public, cu consimtamantul tuturor partilor, exprimat personal sau prin mandatar.

Art. 330. Incheierea conventiei matrimoniale

(1) Sub sanctiunea nulitatii absolute, conventia matrimoniala se incheie prin inscris autentificat de notarul public, cu consimtamantul tuturor partilor, exprimat personal sau prin mandatar cu procura autentica, speciala si avand continut predeterminat.

(2) Conventia matrimoniala incheiata inainte de casatorie produce efecte numai de la data incheierii casatoriei.

(3) Conventia incheiata in timpul casatoriei produce efecte de la data prevazuta de parti sau, in lipsa, de la data incheierii ei.

 

In ceea ce priveste viciile de consimtamant (…), lipsa unor prevederi legale speciale in aceasta materie conduce la concluzia ca legiuitorul a inteles ca este pe deplin aplicabil dreptul comun al contractelor, adaptat particularitatilor conventiei matrimoniale. [M. Avram, Drept civil. Familia, Editura Hamangiu 2013, p. 182]

Fiind in prezenta unui act cu continut patrimonial, isi poate gasi in principiu aplicare si viciul de consimtamant al leziunii, in conditiile art. 12211224 NCC, cu atat mai mult cu cat leziunea se aplica si la incheierea contractelor intre majori. [M. Avram, Drept civil. Familia, Editura Hamangiu 2013, p. 183]

 

In lipsa unei interdictii exprese in NCC, conditia si termenul pot fi stipulate in cadrul conventiilor matrimoniale, modalitatile nefiind de plano incompatibile cu acest act juridic. Chiar alin. (3) al art. 330 permite sotilor sa stabileasca un termen de la care conventia matrimoniala, incheiata in timpul casatoriei, sa produca efectul modificator al regimului matrimonial. Nu am exclude nici posibilitatea ca si in cazul conventiei matrimoniale incheiate inainte de casatorie sa fie stipulate modalitati ale actului juridic, cu precizarea importanta ca in aceasta ipoteza efectele nu se pot produce mai devreme de data incheierii casatoriei. Desi alin. (2) al art. 330 pare a fi redactat in termeni stricti, consideram ca aceasta dispozitie este susceptibila de o interpretare extensiva, in opinia noastra, intentia legiuitorului nefiind una restrictiva. Astfel, scopul acestei prevederi este acela de a sublinia caracterul accesoriu al conevntiei matrimoniale in raport cu institutia casatoriei, avand urmatoarea semnificatie: conventia matrimoniala va produce efecte numai sub conditia si de la data incheierii casatoriei, neputand exista, asadar, un regim matrimonial in afara casatoriei. Prin urmare, textul nu interzice afectarea conventiei matrimoniale incheiate inainte de casatorie de o modalitate (termen sau conditie), caz in care efectele se vor produce la o data ulterioara incheierii casatoriei; este insa necesar ca si in aceasta ipoteza sa fie respectate dispozitiile speciale in materia modificarii conventionale, respectiv exigentele art. 369 alin. (1) NCC. [C.M. Nicolescu in Noul Cod Civil. Comentariu pe articole, Editura C.H. Beck, Bucuresti 2012, p. 351]

 

In cazul renuntarii la incheierea casatoriei, conventia matrimoniala devine caduca. (…) In cazul caducitatii conventiei matrimoniale, vor ramane totusi valide si ii vor supravietui actele pe care aceasta le contine si care nu au legatura cu casatoria sau cu regimul matrimonial (de exemplu, o recunoastere de filiatie sau o donatie care nu este dipusa propter nuptias). [C.M. Craciunescu in Noul Cod Civil. Studii si comentarii. Vol I, Cartea I si Cartea a II-a, Editura Universul Juridic 2012, p. 749]

 

Caducitatea conventiei matrimoniale intervine si in cazul constatarii nulitatii sau al anularii casatoriei, exceptie facand numai casatoria putativa. Caducitatea conventiei matrimoniale poate interveni insa si pentru alte motive decat lipsa cauzei: astfel, atunci cand instanta de tutela pronunta modificarea judiciara a regimului matrimonial, conventia matrimoniala prin care sotii au adoptat un regim de comunitate va deveni caduca, sotilor aplicandu-se regimul separatiei de bunuri. Caducitatea conventiei matrimoniale, in acest caz, intervine ca efect al acestei hotarari judecatoresti si priveste numai clauza privind alegerea regimului matrimonial, alte eventuale clauze putand sa ramana valabile si aplicabile, in masura in care sunt compatibile cu noul regim matrimonial care va guverna relatiile patrimoniale ale sotilor (de exemplu, clauza de preciput). [C.M. Craciunescu in Noul Cod Civil. Studii si comentarii. Vol I, Cartea I si Cartea a II-a, Editura Universul Juridic 2012, p. 750]

sursa: legal-land.ro

Incheierea conventiei matrimoniale - overview
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